🇲🇦Morocco

Morocco spans 27°40′–35°55′N as a North African country (approximately 446,550 km², excluding Western Sahara) on the strategic northwest corner of Africa with long Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines separated by the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain.

Dramatically mountainous topography includes the Rif Mountains running parallel to the Mediterranean coast (Jebel Tidirhine at 2,456 m), the High Atlas in the centre (Jebel Toubkal at 4,167 m, North Africa's highest peak, snow-capped in winter), the Middle Atlas (a forested cedar plateau receiving heavy winter snow), the Anti-Atlas in the south (Jebel Sirwa 3,304 m, Jebel Sahro), and the vast Saharan plateaus beyond.

This produces an exceptional climate spectrum: hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa) on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts (Tangier, Casablanca), semi-arid (BSh/BSk) on the cool Atlantic upwelling coast (Essaouira, Agadir: remarkably mild year-round), cold semi-arid to cold desert (BSk/BWk) on the Atlas plateaus, hot desert (BWh) in the pre-Saharan oases and the deep south, and alpine conditions on the highest Atlas summits with long-lasting winter snow.

Casablanca sees January highs of 18°C and lows of 9°C and August highs of 27°C with 410 mm of rainfall a year, mostly November–March. Marrakech sees January highs of 19°C and lows of 6°C and July highs of 38°C with about 220 mm. Fez sees January highs of 16°C and lows of 4°C and July–August highs of 35°C with 490 mm. Ifrane at 1,664 m has January highs of 9°C and lows of −1°C and August highs of 30°C with about 960 mm and winter snow. Agadir on the Atlantic shows stability, with highs of 21°C in January and 27°C in August and January nights of 8°C, with 240 mm. Tangier sees January highs of 16°C and lows of 9°C and August highs of 29°C with 720 mm. Toubkal summit is far colder, with long sub-zero winters.

Major events include a 50.4°C record at Agadir (August 2023), a seven-year drought that sharply reduced rainfall and reservoirs until early 2026, November 2014 southern floods, and December 2025 flash floods that killed 37 people in Safi.

Our archive covers 36 Moroccan cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940. The hottest July afternoons are in Al Fqih Ben Çalah, with average highs around 37.6°C, while Khenifra has the coldest January nights, with average lows near 3.4°C. Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 1.6°C.