🇦🇹Austria

Austria is a landlocked central European nation spanning 46–49°N, with approximately 63% of its territory covered by the Alps. The country exhibits three distinct climate regimes: Alpine in the west and south (including peaks up to 3,798 m at Großglockner), Pannonian/Continental in the east (Vienna basin, Burgenland), and Atlantic-influenced humid zones in the northern Alpine foothills and Danube valley.

Vienna records January mean temperatures around 0°C and July means near 22°C. Klagenfurt and other southern valleys experience winter inversions producing temperatures below −10°C, while high Alpine zones above 2,500 m remain frozen year-round, with meteorological stations like Sonnblick at 3,106 m.

Annual precipitation ranges from approximately 600 mm in the Pannonian east and driest Carinthian basins to 1,500–2,000+ mm in the northern Alps (Hohe Tauern, Salzkammergut). The föhn—a warm southerly wind—periodically raises temperatures rapidly, cold continental northeasterly winds affect the east in winter, and summer convective storms strike the pre-Alpine regions with notable intensity.

Our archive covers 11 Austrian cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940. The warmest July averages occur in Floridsdorf, around 25.9°C, while Graz records the coldest January nights near −5.2°C. Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 2.4°C.