Madrid weather by month — averages, rainfall & climate trends
Set high on Spain's central plateau, Madrid has a sun-drenched, dry climate of scorching summers and crisp, frosty winters — continental extremes you rarely expect from a Mediterranean capital. Average temperatures and rainfall by month, a climate graph, today's conditions versus the long-term average, and how the climate has shifted since 1940 — all on one page for Madrid, Spain.
Today vs average
+2.9°Cwarmer than usual
How it’s changed
Right now
What it's doing today vs the historical average for this date.
Right now
28.6°
35°20°35°20°
37°20°38°21°38°22°35°21°
30°18°On this date — July 19
Warmer than usual · 2.9°C above the average high
- Record high: 40.0° · 1995
- Record low: 12.0° · 1981
- One year ago: 30.6°
Every July 19 in history — coldest to hottest
Dots show daily highs (top) and lows (bottom) for each July 19 on record (n = 87). Outlined dots are today's forecast.
Area we sample
Each city's history comes from one ERA5 grid cell — about 28 km across, shown by the dashed box. Near mountains or coasts, conditions can vary across the cell.
Location & data
Historical weather for Madrid is sampled from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at 40.42°N, 3.70°W, with daily records since 1940.
- Coordinates
- 40.42°N, 3.70°W
- Time zone
- Europe/Madrid
- Period
- 1940–2026
- Data source
- ERA5 (ECMWF)
Last 30 days
31 of the last 31 days were warmer than the historical average for that date. Average difference: +4.2°C.
Each bar is one day, from morning low to afternoon high. Warm-colored bars are days whose mean ran above average; cool bars ran below. The dot inside the bar is the daily mean. The shaded band is the typical 10–90% range expected for that date. Average = the day's mean temperature averaged across every year of record (1940–2026) for that calendar date.
This date over the years
One dot per year — the mean temperature on this calendar date. Dots are warmer or cooler than the long-term average (dashed line); the shaded band is the typical 10–90% range, and the highlighted dot is today's forecast. Based on ERA5 reanalysis — modelled estimates, not station readings.
Weather by month
Average temperatures and rainfall for each month — what a typical year looks like, from the full record.Climate overview
Madrid sits at around 650 metres on the Meseta, the high interior plateau of Spain, far from any moderating sea. The result is a dry climate on the border between cold semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa): summers are hot and almost cloudless, winters are cool with regular overnight frosts and the odd snowfall, and the modest rainfall comes mainly in autumn and spring. It is one of the driest capitals in Europe, with brilliant sunshine through much of the year.
The continental setting brings sharp extremes. In January 2021 storm Filomena buried Madrid under its heaviest snowfall in roughly fifty years, paralysing the city, while recent summers have produced intense, prolonged heatwaves. Long dry spells are a normal feature of the record.
The year peaks in July, at 25.3°C over the day and around 32.2°C by mid-afternoon. Roughly 85 days a year now top 30°C. The coolest month is January, when daily means fall to about 5.0°C and overnight lows sit around 1.1°C.
The yearly total for Madrid comes to about 454 mm; monthly amounts range from 8 mm in July up to 58 mm in November.
Comparing the record's first decade with its most recent one, Madrid now averages 2.0°C warmer than it did in the 1940s. Frost days have thinned out, from around 55 a year in the first decade to about 25 now.
Climate graph (climograph)
July is the warmest month, January the coolest — a yearly swing of 20°C. Wettest month: November (~58 mm). Whole year averages ~454 mm of rain.
Bars = average monthly rainfall (right axis). Lines = average daily high and low (left axis). Average = each month's value averaged across every year of record (1940–2026).
Monthly wind
Average daily peak wind at 10 m, by month.
Monthly solar energy
Average daily incoming solar energy in megajoules per square metre — a measured proxy for how sunny the month is.
Madrid month by month — what to expect
Typical conditions for each month, averaged across the full record (since 1940). Daylight is the time from sunrise to sunset. Record high/low are the most extreme values in the ERA5 dataset (modelled since 1940), so they can differ from official weather-station readings.
| Month | Avg high | Avg low | Rain | Daylight | Record high | Record low |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 9.5° | 1.1° | 44 mm | 9.4 h | 20.1° (2003) | -17.0° (1940) |
| February | 11.8° | 1.9° | 41 mm | 10.5 h | 21.8° (2020) | -15.6° (1963) |
| March | 15.1° | 4.0° | 48 mm | 11.7 h | 26.9° (2015) | -6.6° (1971) |
| April | 17.7° | 6.4° | 49 mm | 13.1 h | 31.6° (2023) | -2.8° (2022) |
| May | 22.0° | 10.1° | 41 mm | 14.2 h | 36.0° (2001) | 0.2° (1991) |
| June | 27.7° | 14.8° | 22 mm | 14.9 h | 40.4° (2019) | 5.3° (1949) |
| July | 32.2° | 17.7° | 8 mm | 14.6 h | 41.0° (1995) | 8.5° (1996) |
| August | 31.7° | 17.4° | 9 mm | 13.6 h | 41.1° (2018) | 7.7° (1977) |
| September | 26.7° | 14.0° | 27 mm | 12.3 h | 39.4° (2016) | 3.5° (1974) |
| October | 20.0° | 9.5° | 56 mm | 10.9 h | 31.6° (2011) | -3.1° (1941) |
| November | 13.7° | 4.7° | 58 mm | 9.7 h | 23.8° (2009) | -5.9° (2007) |
| December | 10.1° | 2.0° | 52 mm | 9.1 h | 18.3° (2018) | -7.8° (2001) |
How it has changed
Year-by-year signals from 1940 to today.Climate stripes
Annual mean shifted from 1940–1949 to 2016–2025 by +2.0°C.
Each vertical stripe is one year. Color encodes how much that year's annual mean differed from the long-term average. Average = each year's annual mean compared to the average of all years (1940–2026). cooler ← → warmer
Annual mean temperature
Long-term trend: +0.29°C per decade.
One point per year — the temperature averaged across the whole year. The dashed line is the least-squares long-term trend. Based on ERA5 reanalysis — modelled estimates, not station readings.
Seasonal warming
Jun–Aug is warming fastest: +0.34°C per decade.
Each faint line is one three-month period's average per year; the bold dashed line is its long-term trend. Different parts of the year often warm at different rates. Based on ERA5 reanalysis — modelled estimates, not station readings.
Hot days vs frost days
Days ≥ 30°C per year: 57.6 early in the record → 83.6 recently. Frost days: 57 → 25.
Thin lines are raw yearly counts; thick lines are the smoothed trend that removes year-to-year noise. The hot-day threshold is auto-picked per city so the line actually moves. Average = a centered 5-year rolling average to smooth weather noise.
Yearly hot & cold extremes
All-time high in 2018, all-time low in 1940: 41.1°C / -17.0°C.
One point per year — the single hottest and coldest day recorded that year.
Annual rainfall
~454 mm/year on average. Last decade ran +4% vs that average. Long-term trend: −0 mm per decade.
One bar per year of total rainfall. Dashed line is the long-term average. Average = the average annual rainfall across every year of record (1940–2026).
Day-by-day grid
Each tiny square is one calendar day across the full record — ~30,000 days per city. Use the mode switch above the chart: Anomaly colors each day by how far it ran from the historical average for that date (red = warmer, blue = cooler), Daily mean temp shows the absolute mean temperature for the day (useful to see seasons and heatwaves), and Precipitation shows daily rainfall (useful to spot wet/dry seasons and droughts). Average = the long-term average for that calendar date (1940–2026).