🇭🇳Honduras

Honduras spans 12°59′ to 16°30′N as a Central American country of approximately 112,492 km² with a long Caribbean coast and a short Pacific coast on the Gulf of Fonseca. The terrain is dominated by the complex mountainous interior of the Cordillera Centroamericana, rising to Cerro Las Minas at 2,870 m, alongside the Mosquitia rainforest lowlands in the northeast, the populated central highland basins including Tegucigalpa at 990 m and Comayagua, the fertile Sula valley in the north, and the offshore Bay Islands of Roatán, Utila, and Guanaja.

The climate spans tropical monsoon Am on the wet Caribbean coast and the Bay Islands, tropical rainforest Af in the Mosquitia, tropical savanna Aw in the Pacific lowlands and the central dry corridor, and subtropical highland Cwb in the higher mountain basins.

Tegucigalpa at 990 m averages 19°C in January and 23°C in May with 870 mm rainfall, featuring a pronounced dry season from November to April known locally as verano, a wet season from May to October called invierno, and the canícula mid-summer dry spell. San Pedro Sula in the Sula valley reaches 24°C in January and 28°C in May with 1,140 mm annual rainfall.

La Ceiba on the wet Caribbean coast averages 25°C year-round with 3,070 mm precipitation and no real dry season. Roatán in the Bay Islands records 26°C continuously with 1,830 mm rainfall. Choluteca on the dry Pacific coast sees 27°C with 1,800 mm in the dry corridor known as the corredor seco.

Major climate events include severe Hurricane Mitch in October 1998 that caused approximately 7,000 deaths in Honduras alone, making it the deadliest Atlantic hurricane in modern times, the back-to-back devastation of Hurricane Eta and Iota in November 2020, recurrent severe canícula droughts in the dry corridor causing chronic food insecurity, and severe Caribbean coral bleaching episodes at the Bay Islands.

Our archive covers 5 Honduran cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940. The warmest July averages occur in Choloma, around 31.1°C, while Tegucigalpa records the coldest January nights near 16.6°C. Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 1.8°C.