🇱🇹Lithuania

Lithuania spans 53°54′–56°27′N as a Baltic state in northeastern Europe (approximately 65,300 km²) with a short Baltic coast of about 90–100 km that includes part of the 98 km Curonian Spit dune barrier (UNESCO World Heritage, shared with Russia). The gently rolling lowland sculpted by Pleistocene glaciation features countless lakes, morainic hills (Aukštojas at 294 m), and vast pine-birch forests. This produces a humid continental climate (Dfb) with Baltic maritime moderation, transitioning to milder oceanic tendencies (Cfb) on the coast near Klaipėda.

Vilnius has January highs of −2°C and lows of −6°C and July highs of 24°C with 660 mm rainfall peaking in summer. Kaunas sees January highs of −1°C and lows of −6°C and July highs of 24°C with 620 mm. Klaipėda on the Baltic coast stays milder in winter, with January highs of 1°C and lows of −5°C, and July highs of 22°C with 740 mm thanks to Baltic moderation. Snow occurs every year and can fall from October to April. The all-time temperature range spans approximately −42.9°C (Utena, February 1956) to 37.5°C (Zarasai, July 1994). Major events include severe Storm Kyrill (January 2007) and the 2018 drought.

Our archive covers 3 Lithuanian cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940. The hottest July afternoons are in Kaunas, with average highs around 22.3°C, while Vilnius has the coldest January nights, with average lows near −7.4°C. Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 2.4°C.