🇬🇪Georgia

Georgia extends from 41°03′ to 43°35′N in the South Caucasus on the eastern Black Sea coast, spanning approximately 69,700 km² with extraordinary topographic diversity. The Greater Caucasus mountains form the northern border with Russia—Shkhara at 5,193 m is the country's highest peak, followed by Kazbek at 5,034 m—while the Lesser Caucasus defines the southern border and the Likhi Range bisects the interior.

The humid Kolkheti lowland on the Black Sea coast around Batumi and Poti opens eastward into the dry Mtkvari or Kura River basin encompassing Tbilisi and Telavi, producing a remarkable east–west climate divide. The Black Sea Kolkheti region experiences humid subtropical Cfa climate and is among the wettest areas of Europe, the central plains and hills display humid continental Dfb or oceanic Cfb conditions, the Kura basin around Tbilisi and Kakheti exhibits semi-arid steppe BSk climate, and the high Caucasus above approximately 3,000 m supports tundra and glacial ET–EF zones.

Tbilisi in the Kura basin averages 1°C in January and 25°C in July with 540 mm of annual rainfall peaking in late spring. Batumi on the Black Sea coast displays humid subtropical conditions at 7°C in January and 23°C in July with 2,260 mm of precipitation, ranking among Europe's wettest cities. Kutaisi in the western Kolkheti lowland averages 5°C in January and 24°C in July with 1,540 mm of rainfall.

Mestia in upper Svaneti at 1,500 m elevation records −5°C in January with deep winter snow, while Stepantsminda below Mount Kazbek averages 3°C annually with heavy mountain snowfall. The high Caucasus ridges support numerous glaciers including Adishi, Lekhziri, and Tviberi, which have collectively lost approximately 30 percent of their area since 1960.

Major climate events include the severe 2015 Tbilisi flash floods that damaged the Vere River gorge with numerous fatalities, recurrent severe Caucasus avalanches, the 2014 Devdoraki glacial lake outburst flood, intensifying Black Sea coastal storms, and accelerating glacier retreat across the high Caucasus.

Our archive covers 0 Georgian cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940.