🇨🇬Republic of the Congo

The Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) stretches from 3°41′N to 5°02′S across equatorial west-central Africa, with a short Atlantic coastline at Pointe-Noire and 342,000 km² dominated by the densely forested Congo Basin, the cooler Bateke plateau (~700 m) in the south, and the Mayombe ridge (~900 m) rising inland from the coast. The tropical climate divides between equatorial monsoon to rainforest Am/Af across the northern half (Sangha, Likouala departments) and tropical savanna Aw southward (Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire).

Brazzaville has highs of 28–33°C and nights of 20–23°C year-round with 1,400 mm rainfall falling in a long wet season from October to May, followed by a cool dry austral winter June–September when the ITCZ retreats northward; Pointe-Noire is similarly warm and somewhat drier (roughly 1,000–1,300 mm); the densely forested Sangha department (Ouesso) receives about 1,600 mm. The Congo River and its tributaries such as the Sangha and Alima flood seasonally, as does the Kouilou near the coast, and Pointe-Noire's narrow coastal plain is exposed to rising seas.

Our archive covers 4 Congolese cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940. The hottest July afternoons are in Brazzaville, with average highs around 29.3°C, while Dolisie has the coldest January nights, with average lows near 21.8°C. Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 1.3°C.