🇱🇷Liberia

Liberia spans 4°22′–8°33′N as a West African country (approximately 111,369 km²) on the Gulf of Guinea bordering Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire, with a 579 km Atlantic coast. The landscape comprises a low coastal plain of mangrove swamps and lagoons, a rolling forested middle belt, and a rugged interior rising to Mount Wuteve at about 1,440 m in the northwest (the country's highest peak).

The climate is uniformly tropical: tropical monsoon (Am) across most of the country and tropical rainforest (Af) in the southeast, modulated by the southwest monsoon (May–October) and the dust-laden northeast harmattan (December–February).

Monrovia sees highs of about 31°C in January and 28°C in July, with nights near 23°C, and a remarkable 4,600 mm rainfall, among Africa's wettest capitals, mostly in the monsoon season May–October. Buchanan, farther down the coast, is also very wet: rainfall along the Liberian coast exceeds 3,000 mm a year. Voinjama in the northwestern interior is less wet than the coast. Harper in the southeast is less wet than the northwestern coast.

Rainfall is likely higher again on the Mount Wuteve massif and the other northern highlands. December–February harmattan brings hazy dust-laden northeast winds and slightly drier conditions. Major events include the severe 2024 Monrovia floods, recurrent severe coastal erosion at New Kru Town, recurrent southwest monsoon flash floods, Atlantic sea-level rise threatening low-lying coastal towns, and growing rainforest deforestation amplifying flood risk and reducing the country's globally significant carbon stocks (Liberia retains the largest remaining Upper Guinean rainforest tract).

Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 1.1°C.