🇱🇷Liberia

Liberia spans 4°22′–8°33′N as a West African country (approximately 111,369 km²) on the Gulf of Guinea bordering Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire, with a 579 km Atlantic coast. The landscape comprises a low coastal plain of mangrove swamps and lagoons, a rolling forested middle belt, and a rugged interior rising to Mount Wuteve at 1,440 m on the Guinean border (the country's highest peak).

The climate is uniformly tropical — tropical monsoon (Am) on the wet coast, tropical rainforest (Af) in the southeastern interior, and tropical savanna (Aw) on a small northeastern inland fringe — modulated by the southwest monsoon (May–October) and the dust-laden northeast harmattan (December–February).

Monrovia averages 26°C in January and 25°C in July with a remarkable 5,140 mm rainfall — among Africa's wettest capitals, almost entirely in the southwest monsoon May–October. Buchanan records 26°C in January and 25°C in July with 4,400 mm. Voinjama in the northwestern interior averages 25°C in January and 23°C in July with 2,300 mm. Harper in the southeast registers 26°C in January and 25°C in July with 4,000 mm.

The Mount Wuteve massif receives over 3,000 mm annually. December–February harmattan brings hazy dust-laden northeast winds and slightly drier conditions. Major events include the severe October 2024 Monrovia floods, recurrent severe coastal erosion at New Kru Town, the 2014–16 Ebola outbreak's compound climate-health stress, intensifying southwest monsoon flash floods, accelerating Atlantic sea-level rise threatening Buchanan and Greenville, and growing rainforest deforestation amplifying flood risk and reducing the country's globally significant carbon stocks (Liberia retains the largest remaining Upper Guinean rainforest tract).

Our archive covers 1 Liberian cities with daily ERA5 reanalysis data going back to 1940. The warmest July averages occur in Monrovia, around 26.2°C, while Monrovia records the coldest January nights near 24.2°C. Comparing the last decade against the 1940–1970 baseline, mean temperatures across these cities have risen by about 1.1°C.